Photochromic materials are widely used in optical data storage, data encryption, and anti-counterfeiting because of their ability to be written, erased, and read repeatedly. However, conventional information encryption and storage capabilities based on a “matrix” pattern in a 2D plane are limited to fewer storage dimensions, making information less secure. Here, a new concept of expanding the storage dimensions is presented by manipulating the rotation angle in 2D photochromic encoding disks based on the principle of the absolute encoder. For this purpose, a novel photochromic material, NaNbO3:xEu3+ is developed, with highly efficient red emission, a large luminescence switching contrast, and antithermal quenching behavior. The designed photochromic rotary encoder made with the NaNbO3-based material exhibits higher-level data encryption than that of conventional encoders and unlimited storage capability. This study presents exciting opportunities for information storage and encryption using luminescent photochromic materials.